Taekwondo (태권도) adalah salah satu olahraga yang dikenal di Korea Selatan, bahkan Taekwondo merupakan olahraga nasional disana. Saat ini, Taekwondo telah berkembang dan dikenal oleh masyarakat internasional, termasuk di Indonesia, sehingga menjadi salah satu olahraga yang dipertandingkan dalam Olimpiade.
Dalam bahasa Korea, Tae-Kwon-Do terdiri dari 3 suku kata yang mempunyai arti. Tae berarti menendang atau menghancurkan dengan kaki. Kwon berarti tinju. Dan Do mempunyai arti seni atau jalan. Jadi, secara keseluruhan Taekwondo mempunyai arti seni untuk menghancurkan suatu benda dengan menggunakan kaki dan tangan. Seperti banyak seni bela diri lainnya, Taekwondo adalah gabungan dari teknik perkelahian, bela diri, olahraga, olah tubuh, hiburan, dan filsafat.
Meskipun ada banyak perbedaan teknik di antara berbagai organisasi taekwondo, seni ini pada umumnya menekankan tendangan yang dilakukan dari suatu sikap bergerak, dengan menggunakan daya jangkau dan kekuatan kaki yang lebih besar untuk melumpuhlan lawan dari kejauhan. Dalam suatu pertandingan, tendangan berputar, 45 derajat, depan, kapak dan samping adalah yang paling banyak dipergunakan; tendangan yang dilakukan mencakup tendangan melompat, berputar, skip dan menjatuhkan, seringkali dalam bentuk kombinasi beberapa tendangan.
Saat ini, ada 2 organisasi Taekwondo yang terbentuk. WTF (World Taekwondo Federation) yang terletak di Kukkiwon (Korea Selatan) dan ITF (International World Federation) yang saat ini terletak di Vienna (Austria).
Saya pernah mengikuti olahraga Taekwondo ini selama kurang lebih 2 tahun di sekolah 
saya. Dan banyak sekali pengalaman yang bisa di dapat dari mengikuti kegiatan ini. Salah satunya saya jadi mengetahui beberapa kosa kata Korea.
Waktu itu saya pernah mendengarkan penjelasan dari salah satu Sabeum (instruktur) saya. Jika saya tidak salah dengar, waktu itu beliau menjelaskan tentang asal mula Taekwondo yang mengapa lebih banyak berisi materi tendangan. Jadi katanya, saat penjajahan Jepang terhadap Korea dulu, semua pejuang Korea, terlebih yang masih muda, semua akan ditahan oleh pihak Jepang. Tangan mereka akan diikat agar tidak dapat melawan pihak Jepang. Sehingga katanya selama ditahan, para pejuang Korea berinisiatif untuk membuat suatu teknik beladiri untuk melawan dengan menggunakan kaki mengingat tangan mereka diikat.
Dan setelah membaca berbagai artikel, ada beberapa sumber yang menyatakan bahwa sedikit banyak Taekwondo dipengaruhi oleh Karate yang berasal dari Jepang. Karena dulu banyak orang Korea yang dikirim ke Jepang dan mereka mempelajari Karate.
Taekwondo mulai berkembang di Indonesia pada tahun 70-an , dimulai aliran Taekwondo yang berafiliasi ke ITF ( International Taekwondo Federation ) yang pada waktu itu bermarkas besar di Toronto Kanada, aliran ini dipimpin dan dipelopori oleh Gen. Choi Hong Hi, kemudian berkembang juga aliran Taekwondo yang berafiliasi ke WTF ( The World Taekwondo Federation ) yang berpusat di Kukkiwon, Seoul, Korea Selatan dgn Presiden Dr. Un Yong Kim .
Pada waktu itu, di Indonesia kedua aliran ini yang masing – masing mempunyai organisasi ditingkat nasional yaitu Persatuan Taekwondo Indonesia ( PTI ) yg berafiliasi ke ITF dipimpin oleh Letjen. Leo Lopolisa dan Federasi Taekwondo Indonesia ( FTI ) yg berafiliasi ke WTF dipimpin oleh Marsekal Muda Sugiri .
Atas kesepakatan bersama dan melihat prospek perkembangan didunia olahraga International dan Nasional , maka Musyawarah Nasional Taekwondo pada Tanggal 28 maret 1981 berhasil menyatukan kedua organisasi Taekwondo tersebut, menjadi organisasi baru yang disebut Taekwondo Indonesia dan dipimpin oleh Leo Lopolisa sebagai Ketua Umumnya, sedangkan struktur organisasi ditingkat nasionalnya disebut PBTI ( Pengurus Besar Taekwondo Indonesia ) dan berpusat di Jakarta. Munas Taekwondo Indonesia I pada Tanggal 17 – 18 September 1984 menetapkan Letjen. Sarwo Edhie Wibowo ( Alm. ) sebagai Ketua Umum Taekwondo Indonesia periode 1984 – 1988, maka era baru Taekwondo Indonesia yang bersatu dan kuat dimulai. Selanjutnya Taekwondo Indonesia sempat dipimpin oleh Soeweno, Harsudiyono Hartas, dan sekarang oleh Letjen ( Mar ) Suharto. Kini Taekwondo Indonesia telah berkembang di seluruh propinsi di Indonesia dan diikuti aktif oleh lebih dari 200.000 anggota , angka ini belum termasuk yang tidak secara aktif berlatih. Taekwondo telah dipertandingkan sebagai cabang olahraga resmi di arena PON.
3 materi dalam Taekwondo :
- Poomsae atau rangkaian jurus adalah rangkaian teknik gerakan dasar serangan dan pertahanan diri, yang dilakukan melawan lawan yang imajiner, dengan mengikuti diagram tertentu. Setiap diagram rangkaian gerakan poomse didasari oleh filosofi timur yang menggambarkan semangat dan cara pandang bangsa Korea.
- Kyukpa atau teknik pemecahan benda keras adalah latihan teknik dengan memakai sasaran/obyek benda mati, untuk mengukur kemampuan dan ketepatan tekniknya. Obyek sasaran yang biasanya dipakai antara lain papan kayu, batu bata, genting, dan lain-lain. Teknik tersebut dilakukan dengan tendangan, pukulan, sabetan, bahkan tusukan jari tangan.
- Kyoruki atau pertarungan adalah latihan yang mengaplikasikan teknik gerakan dasar atau poomse, dimana dua orang yang bertarung saling mempraktekkan teknik serangan dan teknik pertahanan diri.
Tingkatan sabuk pada Taekwondo dan filosofinya :
- Putih melambangkan kesucian, awal/dasar dari semua warna,permulaan.
- Kuning melambangkan bumi,disinilah mulai ditanamkan dasar-dasar TKD dengan kuat. Sebelum naik sabuk hijau biasanya naik ke sabuk kuning strip hijau terlebih dahulu.
- Hijau melambangkan hijaunya pepohonan, pada saat inilah dasar TKD mulai ditumbuhkembangkan. Sebelum naik ke sabuk biru biasanya naik ke sabuk hijau strip biru terlebih dahulu.
- Biru melambangkan birunya langit yang menyelimuti bumi dan seisinya,memberi arti bahwa kita harus mulai mengetahui apa yang telah kita pelajari. Sebelum naik sabuk merah biasanya naik ke sabuk biru strip merah terlebih dahulu.
- Merah melambangkan matahari artinya bahwa kita mulai menjadi pedoman bagi orang lain dan mengingatkan harus dapat mengontrol setiap sikap dan tindakan kita. Maksud dari matahari adalah tingkaran di mana seorang sabuk merah memberi kehangatan atau dalam arti denotasi mulai memberi ilmu atau bimbingan. Sebelum naik sabuk hitam, biasanya naik ke sabuk merah strip dua dan merah strip satu dahulu.
- Hitam melambangkan akhir, kedalaman, kematangan dalam berlatih dan penguasaan diri kita dari takut dan kegelapan. Juga melambangkan alam semesta. Hitam memiliki tahapan dari Dan 1 hingga Dan 9.
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